Standard
Benchmark
Indicator | Description | Lesson Plans | Thinkfinity | Resources |
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1
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The student uses numerical and computational concepts and procedures in a variety of situations.
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1.1
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The student demonstrates number sense for rational numbers, the irrational number pi, and simple algebraic expressions in one variable in a variety of situations.
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1.1.A1
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generates and/or solves real-world problems using (2.4.A1a) ($):
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1.1.A1A
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equivalent representations of rational numbers and simple algebraic expressions, e.g., you are in the mountains. Wilson Mountain has an altitude of 5.28 x 103 feet. Rush Mountain is 4,300 feet tall. How much higher is Wilson Mountain than Rush Mountain?
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1.1.A1B
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fraction and decimal approximations of the irrational number pi, e.g., Mary measured the distance around her 48-inch diameter circular table to be 150 inches. Using this information, approximate pi as a fraction and as a decimal.
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1.1.K1
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knows, explains, and uses equivalent representations for rational numbers and simple algebraic expressions including integers, fractions, decimals, percents, and ratios; integer bases with whole number exponents; positive rational numbers written in scientific notation with positive integer exponents; time; and money (2.4.K1a-c) ($), e.g., 253,000 is equivalent to 2.53 x 105 or x + 5x is equivalent to 6x.
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1.1.K2
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compares and orders rational numbers and the irrational number pi (2.4.K1a) ($).
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1.1.A2
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determines whether or not solutions to real-world problems using rational numbers, the irrational number pi, and simple algebraic expressions are reasonable (2.4.A1a) ($), e.g., a sweater that cost $15 is marked 1/3 off. The cashier charged $12. Is this reasonable?
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1.1.K3
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explains the relative magnitude between rational numbers and between rational numbers and the irrational number pi (2.4.K1a).
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1.1.K4
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knows and explains what happens to the product or quotient when (2.4.K1a):
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1.1.K4A
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a whole number is multiplied or divided by a rational number greater than zero and less than one,
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1.1.K4B
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a whole number is multiplied or divided by a rational number greater than one,
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1.1.K4C
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a rational number (excluding zero) is multiplied or divided by zero.
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1.1.K5
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explains and determines the absolute value of rational numbers (2.4.K1a).
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1.2
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The student demonstrates and understanding of the rational number system and the irrational number pi; recognizes, uses, and describes their properties; and extends these properties to algebraic expressions with one variable.
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1.2.A1
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generates and/or solves real-world problems with rational numbers and the irrational number pi using the concepts of these properties to explain reasoning (2.4.K1a) ($):
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1.2.A1A
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commutative and associative properties of addition and multiplication, e.g., at a delivery stop, Sylvia pulls out a flat of eggs. The flat has 5 columns and 6 rows of eggs. Express how to find the number of eggs in 2 ways.
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1.2.A1B
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distributive property, e.g., trim is used around the outside edges of a bulletin board with dimensions 3 ft by 5 ft. Explain two different methods of solving this problem.
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1.2.A1C
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substitution property, e.g., V = IR [Ohm’s Law: voltage (V) = current (I) x resistance (R)] If the current is 5 amps (I = 5) and the resistance is 4 ohms (R = 4), what is the voltage?
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1.2.A1D
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symmetric property of equality, e.g., Sam took a $15 check to the bank and received a $10 bill and a $5 bill. Later Sam took a $10 bill and a $5 bill to the bank and received a check for $15. $15 = $10 + $5 is the same as $10 + $5 = $15.
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1.2.A1E
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additive and multiplicative identities, e.g., Bob and Sue read a number of books. During the week, they each read 5 books. Compare the number of books each read. Let b= the number of books Bob read and s= the number of books Sue read, then b+5=s+5
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1.2.A1F
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zero property of multiplication, e.g., Jenny was thinking of two numbers. Jenny said that the product of the two numbers was 0. What could you deduct from this statement? Explain your reasoning.
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1.2.A1G
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addition and multiplication properties of equality, e.g., the total price (P) of a car, including tax (T), is $14, 685. 33. If the tax is $785.42, what is the sale price of the car (S)?
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1.2.A1H
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additive and multiplicative inverse properties, e.g., if 5 candy bars cost $1.00, what does one candy bar cost? Explain your reasoning.
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1.2.K1
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knows and explains the relationships between natural (counting) numbers, whole numbers, integers, and rational numbers using mathematical models (2.4.K1a,k), e.g., number lines or Venn diagrams.
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1.2.K2
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classifies a given rational number as a member of various subsets of the rational number system (2.4.K1a, k), e.g., - 7 is a rational number and an integer.
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1.2.A2
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analyzes and evaluates the advantages and disadvantages of using integers, whole numbers, fractions (including mixed numbers), decimals, or the irrational number pi and its rational approximations in solving a given real-world problem (2.4.K1a, e.g., in the store everything is 25% off. When calculating the discount, which representation of 25% would you use and why?
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1.2.K3
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names, uses, and describes these properties with the rational number system and demonstrates their meaning including the use of concrete objects (2.4.K1a) ($):
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1.2.K3A
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commutative properties of addition and multiplication (changing the order of the numbers does not change the solution);
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1.2.K3B
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associative properties of addition and multiplication (changing the grouping of the numbers does not change the solution);
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1.2.K3C
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distributive property [distributing multiplication or division over addition or subtraction, e.g., 2(4 – 1) = 2(4) – 2(1) = 8 – 2 = 6];
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1.2.K3D
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substitution property (one name of a number can be substituted for another name of the same number), e.g., if a = 2, then 3a = 3 x 2 = 6.
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1.2.K4
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uses and describes these properties with the rational number system and demonstrates their meaning including the use of concrete objects (2.4.K1a) ($):
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1.2.K4A
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identity properties for addition and multiplication (additive identity – zero added to any number is equal to that number; multiplicative identity – one multiplied by any number is equal to that number);
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1.2.K4B
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symmetric property of equality (if 7 + 2x = 9 then 9 = 7 + 2x);
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1.2.K4C
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zero property of multiplication (any number multiplied by zero is zero);
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1.2.K4D
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addition and multiplication properties of equality (adding/multiplying the same number to each side of an equation results in an equivalent equation);
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1.2.K4E
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additive and multiplicative inverse properties. (Every number has a value known as its additive inverse and when the original number is added to that additive inverse, the answer is zero, e.g., +5 + –5 = 0. Every number except 0 has a value known as its multiplicative inverse and when the original number multiplied by its inverse, the answer will be 1, e.g., 8 x 1/8 =1.)
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1.2.K5
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recognizes that the irrational number pi can be represented by approximate rational values, e.g., 22/7 or 3.14.
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1.3
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The student uses computational estimation with rational and irrational number pi in a variety of situations.
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1.3.A1
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adjusts original rational number estimate of a real-world problem based on additional information (a frame of reference) (2.4.A1a) ($), e.g., estimate the weight of a bookshelf of books. Then weigh one book and adjust your estimate.
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1.3.K1
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estimates quantities with combinations of rational numbers and/or the irrational number pi using various computational methods including mental math, paper and pencil, concrete objects, and/or appropriate technology (2.4.K1a) ($).
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1.3.K2
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uses various estimation strategies and explains how they were used to estimate rational number quantities and the irrational number pi (2.4.K1a) ($).
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1.3.A2
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estimates to check whether or not the result of a real-world problem using rational numbers, the irrational number pi, and/or simple algebraic expressions is reasonable and makes predictions based on the information (2.4.A1a), e.g., a goat is staked out in a pasture with a rope that is 7 feet long. The goat needs 200 square feet of grass to graze. Does the goat have enough pasture? If not, how long should the rope be?
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1.3.A3
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determines a reasonable range for the estimation of a quantity given a real-world problem and explains the reasonableness of the range (2.4.A1a), e.g., how long will it take your teacher to walk two miles? The range could be 25-35 minutes.
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1.3.K3
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recognizes and explains the difference between an exact and approximate answer (2.4.K1a).
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1.3.K4
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determines the appropriateness of an estimation strategy used and whether the estimate is greater than (overestimate) or less than (underestimate) the exact answer and its potential impact on the result (24.K1a).
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1.3.A4
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determines if a real-world problem calls for an exact or approximate answer and performs the appropriate computation using various computational methods including mental math, paper and pencil, concrete objects, and/or appropriate technology (2.4.A1a) ($), e.g., Kathy buys items at the grocery store priced at $32.56, $12.83, $6.99, and 5 for $12.49 each. She has $120 with her to pay for the groceries. To decide if she can pay for her items, does she need an exact or an approximate answer?
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1.3.K5
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knows and explains why the fraction (22/7) or decimal (3.14) representation of the irrational number pi is an approximate value (2.4.K1c).
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1.4
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The student models, performs, and explains computation with rational numbers, the irrational number pi, and first degree algebraic expression in one variable in a variety of situations.
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1.4.A1
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generates and/or solves one- and two-step real-world problems using these computational procedures and mathematical concepts (2.4.A1a) ($):
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1.4.A1A
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addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of rational numbers with a special emphasis on fractions and expressing answers in simplest form, e.g., at the candy store, you buy ¾ of a pound of peppermints and ½ of a pound of licorice. The cost per pound for each kind of candy is $3.00. What is the total cost of the candy purchased?
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1.4.A1B
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addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of rational numbers with a special emphasis on integers, e.g., the high temperatures for the week were: -4degrees, 10degrees, -1degrees, 0degrees, 7degrees, 3degrees, and –5degrees. What is the mean temperature for the week?
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1.4.A1C
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first degree algebraic expressions in one variable, e.g., Jenny rents 3 videos plus $20 of other merchandise. Barb rents 5 videos plus $15 of other merchandise. Represent the total purchases of Jenny and Barb using V as the price of a video rental.
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1.4.A1D
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percentages of rational numbers, e.g., if the sales tax is 5.5%, what is the sales tax on an item that costs $36?
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1.4.A1E
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approximation of the irrational number pi, e.g., what is the approximate diameter of a 400-meter circular track?
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1.4.K1
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computes with efficiency and accuracy using various computational methods including mental math, paper and pencil, concrete objects, and appropriate technology (2.4.K1a-c) ($).
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1.4.K2
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performs and explains these computational procedures (2.4.K1a):
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1.4.K2A
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adds and subtracts decimals from ten millions place through hundred thousandths place;
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1.4.K2B
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multiplies and divides a four-digit number by a two-digit number using numbers from thousands place through thousandths place;
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1.4.K2C
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multiplies and divides using numbers from thousands place through thousandths place by 10; 100; 1,000; .1; .01; .001; or single-digit multiples of each, e.g., 54.2 ÷ .002 or 54.3 x 300;
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1.4.K2D
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adds, subtracts, multiplies, and divides fractions and expresses answers in simplest form;
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1.4.K2E
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adds, subtracts, multiplies, and divides integers;
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1.4.K2F
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uses order of operations (evaluates within grouping symbols, evaluates powers to the second or third power, multiplies or divides in order from left to right, then adds or subtracts in order from left to right) using whole numbers;
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1.4.K2G
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simplifies positive rational numbers raised to positive whole number powers;
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1.4.K2H
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combines like terms of a first degree algebraic expression.
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1.4.K3
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recognizes, describes, and uses different ways to express computational procedures, e.g., 5 – 2 = 5 + (–2) or 49 x 23 = (40 x 23) + (9 x 23) or 49 x 23 = (49 x 20) + (49 x 3) or 49 x 23 = (50 x 23) – 23.
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1.4.K4
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finds prime factors, greatest common factor, multiples, and the least common multiple (2.4.K1d).
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1.4.K5
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finds percentages of rational numbers (2.4.K1a, c) ($), e.g., 12.5% x $40.25 = n or 150% of 90 is what number? (For the purpose of assessment, percents will not be between 0 and 1.)
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