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| Grade 9
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| Science, Approved 2007
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| 2A
| Chemistry |
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Standard
Benchmark
Indicator | Description | Lesson Plans | Thinkfinity | Resources |
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2A
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The student will develop an understanding of the structure of atoms, compounds, chemical reactions, and the interactions of energy and matter.
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2A.1
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The student will understand the structure of the atom.
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2A.1.1
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The student understands atoms, the fundamental organizational unit of matter, are composed of subatomic particles. Chemists are primarily interested in the protons, electrons, and neutrons found in the atom.
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2A.1.2
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The student understands isotopes are atoms with the same atomic number (same number of protons) but different numbers of neutrons. The nuclei of some atoms are radioactive isotopes that spontaneously decay, releasing radioactive energy.
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2A.2
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The student will understand the states and properties of matter.
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2A.2.1
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The student understands chemists use kinetic and potential energy to explain the physical and chemical properties of matter on earth that may exist in any of these three states: solids, liquids, and gases.
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2A.2.2
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The student understands the periodic table lists elements according to increasing atomic number. This table organizes physical and chemical trends by groups, periods, and sub-categories.
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2A.2.3
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The student understands chemical bonds result when valence electrons are transferred or shared between atoms. Breaking a chemical bond requires energy. Formation of a chemical bond releases energy. Ionic compounds result from atoms transferring electrons. Molecular compounds result from atoms sharing electrons. For example, carbon atoms can bond to each other in chains, rings, and branching networks. Branched network and metallic solids also result from bonding.
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2A.3
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The student will gain a basic concept of chemical reactions.
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2A.3.1
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The student understands a chemical reaction occurs when one or more substances (reactants) react to form a different chemical substance(s) (products). There are different types of chemical reactions all of which demonstrate the Law of Conservation of Matter and Energy.
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2A.3.2
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The student understands how to perform mathematical calculations regarding the Law of Conservation of Matter, i.e., through stoichiometric relationships.
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2A.3.3
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The student understands the differences and reactions between acids, bases, and salts. Perform calculations to determine the concentration of ions in solutions.
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